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===Ancestry===
====Paternal====
John's great-uncle (brother of Anne Hutson Barnwell) was Chancellor Richard Hutson (b. 1747 Prince William, Fort Mill, SC - d. 1795 Charleston, SC) who is regarded as a Founding Father of the United States. According to ''Biographical Sketches of the Bench and Bar of South Carolina, Vol. 1 Chancellors'', pp. 211-212) and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hutson Wikipedia], he was one of the first three Judges of the first Court of Chancery of SC. he studied law at Princeton, and represented South Carolina from 1778-1779 as a member of the Continental Congress, signing the Articles of Confederation in 1778. After the British captured Charleston in Aug. 1780, he was imprisoned as a Whig at St. Augustine, learning Spanish while there, to 6-7 other languages he had mastery over. From 1782-1783, he served as the eighth lieutenant governor of SC. 1783-1784, he served two terms as the first mayor of Charleston, and elected Chancellor in 1784, and in 1791 became senior Judge of the Court of Equity of SC. He never married, and the "last political act of his life, was to vote for the adoption of the Federal Constitution in the Convention of 1788, where he sat as a delegate from St. Andrews."
John's great-grandfather was Rev. William Maine Hutson, born in 1720 in Devon, [[England]] (where the PB was later founded and popularized). He served as an "Independent" minister at Stoney Creek, Fort Mill, SC from 1743-1756, then at the Circular Congregational Church, Charleston, SC from 1756-1761.
He then served as Deputy Surveyor in 1703, Clerk of the Council in 1703, and Deputy Secretary of the Council in 1704. While a surveyor, according to the [https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/barnwell-john/ South Carolina Encyclopedia], he "mapped the newly settled Sea Islands around Port Royal Sound", where he "staked his claim to 6,500 acres of land" and "became one of the first British settlers of Port Royal Island and an active trader with the Yamassee Indians". After mapping Port Royal Sound, he continued to map further in the region, eventually making "the great mother map of the American southeast from which all subsequent maps of the area were made" ([https://www.geni.com/people/Col-John-Barnwell/6000000008552216467 Geni.com].
In 1711, the Tuscarora Indians launched an attack against white settlers, and as per [https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/1739:61360 Appleton's] entry for John Barnwell, 137 were killed in one night in Roanoke alone. Barnwell led the 1711 expedition of (either 30 or 600) Carolinians and several hundred friendly Indians, as per [https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/1739:61360 Appleton's], against the Tuscarora Indians and killed 300 in the first engagement in Narhantes, and ultimately more than 1,000 were killed or captured, and the remnant escaped to the Five Nations of New York.
Subsequently in 1715, the Yamassee War was started at Pocotaligo, near Beaufort, by the Yemassee, Creeks, Choctaws & Catawbas, which took the lives of Indian Commissioner Thomas Nairne and 400 British settlers south of the Edisto River. Two or three British settlers on Port Royal Island fled to Barnwell's plantation, and together they escaped to a British merchant ship at anchor in the Beaufort River, joined by 300 other colonists.